Prolegomena k parnasismu

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                            [a] => Prolegomena k parnasismu /
                            [c] => Aleš Haman.
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                            [a] => V české literatuře 19. století vznikla na sklonku 70. a 80. let vývojová fáze, která bývala tradičně charakterizována jako etapa generace lumírovsko-ruchovské; týkala se převážně tvorby básnické reprezentované významnými autory, kteří byli hlavními přispěvateli literárních časopisů Ruch a Lumír, v nichž se od konce 60. let a od první poloviny 70. let soustředily hlavní osobnosti této generace: Sládek, Čech, Vrchlický, Zeyer. K novějšímu pohledu na tuto etapu otevřela cestu antologie moravského bohemisty J. Fryčera, která vyšla po titulem Neznámý Parnas (1988). Byla v ní analyzována tvorba francouzských básníků, kteří v druhé polovině 60. let vystoupili v časopise Současný Parnas a zaujali kritické stanovisko k romantickému básnictví; vadila jim jeho přílišná formální i myšlenková uvolněnost. Proti ní stavěli tvarový řád a myšlenkovou propracovanost uměleckých děl, jejich estetickou ukázněnost. V našich podmínkách zaujaly tyto stylové rysy pozornost některých mladších básníků i prozaiků, kteří počali ve své tvorbě klást důraz na momenty estetické, projevující se ve snaze o vytříbenost uměleckého tvaru a o myšlenkové prohloubení a rozšíření umělecké obraznosti. Jakkoliv se jejich tvorba lišila (například co do přístupu k tématice - odtud tradiční rozlišení "národovců" a kosmopolitů"), dají se u nich nalézt společné rysy, které jsou pro ně příznačné (důraz na estetický přístup k látce a tvaru) a nabízejí možnost zahrnout je pod společný pojem parnasismus. Z literárně historického hlediska označuje specifickou přechodovou etapu, která otvírala cestu k nástupu moderny - k symbolismu, dekadenci a secesi. Pojmu "parnasismus" užíval v české dobové kritice zejména F. X. Šalda. Postupem doby se ztrátou smyslu pro specifické estetizující hledisko nabyl pejorativního významu.
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